โ๏ธ General Chemistry Calculators
Moles, stoichiometry, gas laws, atoms and thermochemistry. Browse 72 free general chemistry calculators, each with the formula, a worked example and an interactive chart.
Molar Mass CalculatorCalculate the molar mass of any chemical formula.Grams to Moles CalculatorConvert mass of a substance to moles.Moles to Grams CalculatorConvert moles of a substance to grams.Avogadro's Number Particle CalculatorConvert moles to number of atoms or molecules.Percent Composition by Mass CalculatorFind mass percent of one element in a compound.Empirical Formula Ratio CalculatorFind mole ratio of two elements from mass data.Limiting Reagent CalculatorIdentify the limiting reactant for A + B โ product.Theoretical Yield CalculatorFind product mass formed from a limiting reactant.Percent Yield CalculatorCompare actual and theoretical yield.Stoichiometry Mass-to-Mass CalculatorConvert grams of reactant to grams of product with coefficients.Gas Volume at STP CalculatorConvert moles of gas to volume at standard conditions.Molarity of a Pure Liquid CalculatorFind the molar concentration of a pure liquid.Molar Mass from Gas Density CalculatorFind the molar mass of an unknown gas from density.Graham's Law of Effusion CalculatorCompare effusion rates of two gases.Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures CalculatorFind the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture.Van der Waals Real Gas CalculatorEstimate real gas pressure using the van der Waals equation.Average Atomic Mass CalculatorCompute atomic mass from isotope abundances.Electron Capacity of Shells CalculatorFind the maximum electrons in a shell and subshell count.Rydberg Formula CalculatorFind wavelength of a hydrogen-like spectral line.Reaction Enthalpy from Bond Energies CalculatorEstimate reaction enthalpy from bonds broken and formed.Hess's Law Enthalpy CalculatorSum step enthalpies to find the overall reaction enthalpy.Standard Enthalpy of Reaction CalculatorCompute ฮHยฐ from enthalpies of formation.Gibbs Free Energy CalculatorFind spontaneity from enthalpy, entropy and temperature.Equilibrium Constant from ฮG CalculatorFind K from standard Gibbs free energy.Calorimeter Heat CalculatorFind heat released from the temperature change of water in a calorimeter.Dilution Calculator (C1V1 = C2V2)Find how much stock solution to dilute.Atom Economy CalculatorMeasure how much reactant mass ends up in the desired product.PPM to Percent and mg/L ConverterConvert parts per million to percent and mg/L.Mass Percent Concentration CalculatorFind mass percent of a solute in a solution.Hydrate Water Percentage CalculatorFind the percent water in a hydrated salt.Fuel Combustion Energy CalculatorEstimate energy released by burning a fuel.COโ from Burning Fuel CalculatorCompute carbon dioxide produced from burning carbon fuel.Bond Polarity (Electronegativity Difference) CalculatorClassify a bond from the electronegativity difference.Coulomb Lattice Energy Estimate CalculatorEstimate ionic lattice attraction energy.Gas Diffusion Time Ratio CalculatorCompare time for two gases to travel the same distance.Isotope Neutron Count CalculatorCount protons, neutrons and electrons of an isotope or ion.Crystal Unit Cell Density CalculatorFind the density of a crystalline solid from its unit cell edge, atoms per cell and molar mass.Unit Cell Edge Length CalculatorFind the cubic unit cell edge length of a crystal from its density, molar mass and atoms per cell.Atomic Packing Efficiency CalculatorFind the fraction of a unit cell filled by atoms for common crystal structures.Molar Volume of a Solid CalculatorFind the volume occupied by one mole of a solid from its molar mass and density.Molar Heat Capacity CalculatorFind the molar heat capacity of a substance from the heat absorbed and temperature rise.Enthalpy of Solution from Calorimetry CalculatorFind the enthalpy of solution of a salt from the temperature change of the solution in a calorimeter.Reaction Quotient and Direction CalculatorFind the reaction quotient for A + B โ C and which way the reaction will shift.Solubility from Ksp for Any Salt CalculatorFind the molar and mass solubility of a salt from its solubility product and ion ratio.Gibbs Energy from Cell Potential CalculatorFind the Gibbs free energy change of an electrochemical reaction from its cell potential.Formal Charge CalculatorFind the formal charge on an atom in a Lewis structure from its valence electrons, lone pair electrons and bonds.Degree of Unsaturation CalculatorFind the number of rings and double bonds (or half that for triple bonds) in a molecule from its formula.Gas Collected Over Water CalculatorCorrect the volume of a gas collected over water to find the dry gas pressure and moles.Volume Percent Solution CalculatorFind the volume percent of a solute in a solution and the amount of solvent.Combustion Oxygen and Air Requirement CalculatorFind how much oxygen and air a fuel needs to burn completely from its stoichiometry.Purity Corrected Mass CalculatorFind the mass of pure substance in an impure sample from its purity percentage.Concentrated Acid Molarity CalculatorConvert the density and mass percent of a concentrated acid into molarity and molality.Equivalent Weight CalculatorFind the equivalent weight of a compound from its molar mass and number of equivalents per mole.Reduced Temperature and Pressure CalculatorFind the reduced temperature and pressure of a gas to use with generalised gas charts.Percent Ionic Character of a Bond CalculatorEstimate how ionic a chemical bond is from the electronegativity difference of its atoms (Pauling).Moles of Electrons from Charge CalculatorFind how many moles and electrons pass for a given total electric charge.Hydrogen Ion Moles from pH CalculatorFind the hydrogen ion concentration and total moles of Hโบ in a solution from its pH and volume.Unknown Concentration by Titration CalculatorFind the concentration of an unknown solution from a titration with a standard titrant.Enthalpy of Neutralization CalculatorFind the enthalpy of neutralisation from the temperature rise of an acid base mixture in a calorimeter.Average Reaction Rate CalculatorFind the average rate at which a reactant is consumed between two times.Zero Order Reaction Completion Time CalculatorFind how long a zero-order reaction takes to consume all of its reactant.Gas Molecules in a Volume CalculatorFind the number of gas molecules and moles in a given volume at a set pressure and temperature.Molecular Orbital Bond Order CalculatorFind the bond order of a molecule from its bonding and antibonding electrons.Alloy Density CalculatorEstimate the density of a two-metal alloy from its mass percentages and pure densities.Solute Dissolved from Solubility CalculatorFind how much solute dissolves in a given mass of water at saturation from its solubility.Covalent Bond Length Estimate CalculatorEstimate a covalent bond length by adding the covalent radii of two atoms.Degree of Polymerization CalculatorFind how many repeat units are in a polymer chain from its average molar mass and repeat unit mass.Polymer Dispersity Index CalculatorFind how spread out the chain lengths of a polymer sample are from its weight and number average molar masses.Battery Coulombic Efficiency CalculatorFind how much charge a battery gives back on discharge compared with the charge put in.Fuel Cell Thermodynamic Efficiency CalculatorFind the maximum efficiency of a fuel cell from the Gibbs energy and enthalpy of its reaction.Solvent Extraction Efficiency CalculatorFind how much solute stays in water after several extractions with fresh solvent.Retention Factor Rf CalculatorFind the Rf value of a spot in thin layer or paper chromatography.
About General Chemistry calculators
Moles, stoichiometry, gas laws, atoms and thermochemistry. CalcDepo has 72 free general chemistry calculators. Each one shows the formula, the variables and their units, a worked example and a chart of how the result changes, so you can check homework, plan a lab or understand the idea behind the numbers.
Popular calculators here include Molar Mass, Grams to Moles, Moles to Grams, Avogadro's Number Particle, Percent Composition by Mass, Empirical Formula Ratio. Common searches in this category include โmolecular weightโ, โhow many moles in gramsโ, โmass of a given number of molesโ, โhow many atoms in a moleโ.
More calculator categories
๐ Mechanics & Motion๐ฅ Thermodynamics & Fluidsโก Electricity & Magnetism๐ Waves, Sound & Optics๐ช Modern Physics & Astronomy๐งช Solutions, Acids & Kinetics๐งฌ Genetics & Molecular Biology๐ฟ Ecology & Evolution๐ซ Human Body & Healthโ Algebra & Calculus๐ Geometry & Trigonometry๐ Statistics & Probability๐ Earth & Environmental Science