🌍 Earth & Environmental Science Calculators
Weather, geology, climate, energy and water quality. Browse 75 free earth & environmental science calculators, each with the formula, a worked example and an interactive chart.
Earthquake Energy CalculatorConvert earthquake magnitude to released energy.Earthquake Magnitude Comparison CalculatorCompare the amplitude and energy of two earthquakes.Earthquake Distance from S–P Time CalculatorEstimate distance to an earthquake from the S-P arrival gap.Radiometric Rock Age CalculatorEstimate rock age from the daughter-to-parent ratio.Rock Porosity CalculatorCompute porosity from bulk and grain density.Darcy's Law Groundwater Flow CalculatorFind groundwater discharge through an aquifer.Temperature at Altitude CalculatorEstimate air temperature at a given altitude.Atmospheric Pressure at Altitude CalculatorEstimate pressure at a given elevation.Boiling Point of Water at Altitude CalculatorEstimate water's boiling temperature at altitude.Wind Turbine Power CalculatorEstimate power from a wind turbine.Solar Panel Output CalculatorEstimate daily energy from a solar array.Solar Irradiance on a Tilted Surface CalculatorFind the effective sunlight on a tilted panel.Planetary Equilibrium Temperature CalculatorEstimate a planet's equilibrium temperature.CO₂ Radiative Forcing CalculatorEstimate climate forcing from a CO₂ concentration change.Car Carbon Footprint CalculatorEstimate yearly CO₂ from driving.Tree Carbon Storage CalculatorEstimate CO₂ stored by trees.Rainfall Runoff Volume CalculatorCompute runoff from rainfall over a catchment.Evapotranspiration (Hargreaves) CalculatorEstimate reference evapotranspiration.Water Hardness CalculatorConvert calcium and magnesium to total hardness.Dissolved Oxygen Saturation CalculatorEstimate oxygen saturation of fresh water at a temperature.Biochemical Oxygen Demand CalculatorCompute BOD from dissolved oxygen readings.Secchi Depth Light Extinction CalculatorEstimate light extinction from Secchi disk depth.Stream Discharge CalculatorEstimate river discharge from width, depth and speed.Manning Channel Velocity CalculatorCompute open channel flow with Manning's equation.Soil Moisture Content CalculatorCompute gravimetric moisture content of a soil sample.Soil Bulk Density CalculatorCompute bulk density and porosity of soil.Fertilizer Application CalculatorFind fertiliser needed to supply a nutrient rate.Compost Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio CalculatorBlend two materials to reach a target C:N ratio.Energy Unit Converter (Joules, kWh, BTU, kcal)Convert between common energy units.Pressure Unit ConverterConvert between pascals, bar, atm, psi and mmHg.Length Unit ConverterConvert between metres, feet, inches, miles and kilometres.Mass Unit ConverterConvert between kilograms, pounds, ounces and stones.Volume Unit ConverterConvert between litres, gallons, cups and cubic metres.Speed Unit ConverterConvert between m/s, km/h, mph and knots.Fuel Economy ConverterConvert between mpg, L/100 km and km/L.Time Duration ConverterConvert seconds into minutes, hours, days and years.Digital Storage ConverterConvert between bytes, KB, MB, GB and TB.Sea Level Rise from Ice Melt CalculatorEstimate sea-level rise from melted ice volume.Tsunami Wave Speed CalculatorFind the speed of a shallow-water wave such as a tsunami.Day Length (Daylight Hours) CalculatorEstimate hours of daylight from latitude and day of the year.Earthquake Distance from S-P Interval CalculatorEstimate how far away an earthquake is from the time gap between P and S waves.Mountain Root Depth (Isostasy) CalculatorEstimate how deep the crustal root of a mountain extends below sea level, from its elevation and rock densities.Permeability from Hydraulic Conductivity CalculatorConvert hydraulic conductivity of a soil or rock into intrinsic permeability.Porosity from Void Ratio CalculatorConvert a soil void ratio into porosity, the fraction of the soil that is pore space.Void Ratio from Dry Density CalculatorFind the void ratio and porosity of a soil from its specific gravity and dry density.Aquifer Transmissivity CalculatorFind how easily water flows through the full thickness of an aquifer from its conductivity and thickness.Well Drawdown (Thiem Equation) CalculatorEstimate how far the water level drops around a pumping well in a confined aquifer.Soil Erosion (USLE) CalculatorEstimate the average annual soil loss from a field using the Universal Soil Loss Equation.Rainfall Intensity CalculatorConvert a storm rain depth and duration into rainfall intensity in millimetres per hour.Peak Runoff (Rational Method) CalculatorEstimate peak stormwater runoff from a catchment using the rational method.Snowmelt Degree-Day CalculatorEstimate daily snowmelt from air temperature using the degree-day method.Ocean Wave Energy Flux CalculatorFind the power carried by ocean waves per metre of wave crest from wave height and period.Planet Equilibrium Temperature CalculatorEstimate the average surface temperature of a planet from sunlight received and its albedo.Electricity Carbon Emissions CalculatorEstimate the yearly carbon dioxide emissions from electricity use at a grid carbon intensity.Greenhouse Gas CO₂ Equivalent CalculatorConvert a mass of a greenhouse gas into carbon dioxide equivalent using its global warming potential.Snow Water Equivalent CalculatorConvert a snow depth and its density into the depth of water it would make when melted.Reference Evapotranspiration from Pan CalculatorEstimate reference evaporation from an evaporation pan reading and a pan coefficient.Sonar Water Depth CalculatorFind the depth of water from the round-trip time of a sonar echo.Distance to the Horizon CalculatorEstimate how far you can see across the sea or flat land from your eye height.Relative Air Mass CalculatorFind the path length of sunlight through the atmosphere from the solar zenith angle.Geothermal Temperature at Depth CalculatorEstimate the rock temperature at a depth from the surface temperature and the geothermal gradient.Wind Turbine Tip Speed Ratio CalculatorFind the tip speed ratio of a wind turbine from its rotor speed, radius and wind speed.Wind Speed at Height (Power Law) CalculatorEstimate the wind speed at a higher height from a reference speed using the wind shear power law.Seismic Moment and Moment Magnitude CalculatorFind the seismic moment and moment magnitude of an earthquake from its fault area, slip and rock rigidity.Groundwater Recharge Water Balance CalculatorEstimate groundwater recharge from precipitation, evapotranspiration and surface runoff.Aridity Index CalculatorFind the aridity index from annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the climate class it implies.Soil Plasticity Index CalculatorFind the plasticity index of a soil from its liquid limit and plastic limit.Conductive Heat Flow CalculatorFind the heat flowing up through the Earth crust from the thermal conductivity and temperature gradient.Freshwater Lens Depth (Ghyben-Herzberg) CalculatorEstimate how deep the freshwater and saltwater boundary lies below sea level, from the height of the freshwater table above sea level.Earthquake Recurrence (Gutenberg-Richter) CalculatorEstimate how often earthquakes of a given magnitude occur in a region using the Gutenberg-Richter law.Building Natural Period CalculatorEstimate the natural vibration period of a building from its height, for earthquake and wind design.Flood Return Period CalculatorEstimate the return period of a flood from its rank in a record of past floods.Flood Risk Over a Period CalculatorFind the chance of at least one flood of a given return period during a time period such as a mortgage or building life.Rainwater Harvesting Yield CalculatorEstimate how much water a roof can collect in a year from its area, rainfall and runoff efficiency.Sediment Grain Size Phi Scale CalculatorConvert a sediment grain diameter into the phi scale and the Wentworth size class.
About Earth & Environmental Science calculators
Weather, geology, climate, energy and water quality. CalcDepo has 75 free earth & environmental science calculators. Each one shows the formula, the variables and their units, a worked example and a chart of how the result changes, so you can check homework, plan a lab or understand the idea behind the numbers.
Popular calculators here include Earthquake Energy, Earthquake Magnitude Comparison, Earthquake Distance from S–P Time, Radiometric Rock Age, Rock Porosity, Darcy's Law Groundwater Flow. Common searches in this category include “how much energy in a magnitude 7 quake”, “how much stronger is a 7 than a 6”, “how far away was the quake”, “uranium lead dating”.
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🚀 Mechanics & Motion🔥 Thermodynamics & Fluids⚡ Electricity & Magnetism🌈 Waves, Sound & Optics🪐 Modern Physics & Astronomy⚗️ General Chemistry🧪 Solutions, Acids & Kinetics🧬 Genetics & Molecular Biology🌿 Ecology & Evolution🫀 Human Body & Health∑ Algebra & Calculus📐 Geometry & Trigonometry📊 Statistics & Probability